环境

  • CentOS7.5 最小安装
  • 数据库软件
    • linuxx64_12201_database.zip

操作系统配置

  • 关闭 SELinux 
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    sed -i '/^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
  • 关闭防火墙 
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    systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
  • 禁用 NetworkManager 
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    systemctl disable NetworkManager
systemctl stop NetworkManager
  • 重启操作系统 
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    reboot

安装依赖

  • 安装可能用到的工具 
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    yum install epel-release
yum clean all
yum makecache fast
yum install vim unzip rlwrap
  • 安装 oracle 需要的包 
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    yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
compat-libstdc++-33*i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 \
glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel \
libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC \
unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

配置安装环境

  • 创建 oracle 用户 
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    groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
  • 创建 oracle 安装目录 
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    mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oradata
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle
  • 修改 sysctl.conf 
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    cat << EOF >> /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
#物理内存一半和4G中的较大者，当前服务器16G
kernel.shmmax = 8589934592
#shmmax / 4k (getconf PAGESIZE)
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
EOF
sysctl -p
  • 修改 limits.conf 
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    cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
EOF
  • 修改 login 
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    cat << EOF >> /etc/pam.d/login
session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
EOF
  • 修改 profile 
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    cat << EOF >> /etc/profile
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] ; then
    if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF
  • 修改 oracle 用户的 .bash_profile 
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    cat << EOF >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
EOF

安装数据库

  • 上传数据库软件到 /root 下，解压 
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    unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -d /home/oracle/
chown -R oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/database
  • 切换到 oracle 用户，后续操作都在该 oracle 用户下执行 
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    su - oracle
  • 创建 response 文件 
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    cd /home/oracle
cp database/response/*.rsp ./
  • 修改 db_install.rsp 
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    sed -i \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.option=/s#=.*$#=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#' \
    -e '/^UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/s#=.*$#=oinstall#' \
    -e '/^INVENTORY_LOCATION=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/oraInventory#' \
    -e '/^ORACLE_HOME=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0#' \
    -e '/^ORACLE_BASE=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.InstallEdition=/s#=.*$#=EE#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSOPER_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=oper#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSDGDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSKMDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSRACDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=/s#=.*$#=GENERAL_PURPOSE#' \
    -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.config\.starterdb\.characterSet=/s#=.*$#=ZHS16GBK#' \
    -e '/^DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/s#=.*$#=true#' \
    /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
  • 无需修改 netca.rsp
  • 修改 dbca.rsp 
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    sed -i \
    -e '/^gdbName=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
    -e '/^sid=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
    -e '/^createAsContainerDatabase=/s#=.*$#=true#' \
    -e '/^numberOfPDBs=/s#=.*$#=1#' \
    -e '/^pdbName=/s#=.*$#=pdborcl#' \
    -e '/^templateName=/s#=.*$#=General_Purpose.dbc#' \
    -e '/^pdbAdminPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \
    -e '/^sysPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \
    -e '/^systemPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \
    /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
  • 安装 oracle 软件 
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    cd /home/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
#安装成功后，系统提示需要在 root 下执行两个脚本
/opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0/root.sh
  • 配置监听 
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    netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/netca.rsp
#配置成功后，监听启动，查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
  • 创建数据库 
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    dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
#查看屏幕输出的创建进度

简单使用

  • 登陆数据库，切换到 pdb 数据库 
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    [oracle@fpManager2 ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 6月 25 14:41:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;
会话已更改。
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/users01.dbf
SQL>