CentOS7.4 静默安装 Oracle11g

环境

CentOS7.4 最小安装
数据库软件
- linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
- linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

操作系统配置

关闭 SELinux

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sed -i '/^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config

关闭防火墙，或者放行 tcp 1521 端口

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systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld

检查交换内存(swap)大小，建议内存一半以上，如果没有设置虚拟内存，可参考如下操作

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dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=1048576 of=/SWAP # 1GB
chmod 0600 /SWAP
echo '/SWAP swap swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
swapon /SWAP

调整 /etc/fstab，调整共享内存分区的大小

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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=5120M 0 0
# 这里的 5120M 是要调整的共享内存分区的大小，建议大小为内存一半以上

重启操作系统
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reboot

安装依赖

安装可能用到的工具

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yum install epel-release
yum clean all
yum makecache fast
yum install vim unzip rlwrap

安装 oracle 需要的包

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yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
compat-libstdc++-33*i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 \
glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel \
libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC \
unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

配置安装环境

创建 oracle 用户

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groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

创建 oracle 安装目录

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mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oradata
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/inventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

修改 sysctl.conf

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cat << EOF >> /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
#物理内存一半和4G中的较大者
kernel.shmmax = 4294967296
#shmmax / 4k (getconf PAGESIZE)
kernel.shmall = 1048576
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
EOF
sysctl -p

修改 limits.conf

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cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
EOF

修改 login

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cat << EOF >> /etc/pam.d/login
session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
EOF

修改 profile

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cat << EOF >> /etc/profile
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] ; then
    if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF

修改 oracle 用户的 .bash_profile

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cat << EOF >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
EOF

安装数据库

上传数据库软件到 /root 下，解压

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unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /home/oracle/
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /home/oracle/
chown -R oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/database

切换到 oracle 用户，后续操作都在该 oracle 用户下执行
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su - oracle

创建 response 文件

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cd /home/oracle
cp database/response/*.rsp ./

修改 db_install.rsp

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sed -i \
    -e '/^oracle.install.option=/s#=.*$#=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#' \
    -e '/^UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/s#=.*$#=oinstall#' \
    -e '/^INVENTORY_LOCATION=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/inventory#' \
    -e '/^SELECTED_LANGUAGES=/s#=.*$#=en,zh_CN#' \
    -e '/^ORACLE_HOME=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0#' \
    -e '/^ORACLE_BASE=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app#' \
    -e '/^oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=/s#=.*$#=EE#' \
    -e '/^oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
    -e '/^oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=/s#=.*$#=GENERAL_PURPOSE#' \
    -e '/^DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/s#=.*$#=true#' \
    /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

无需修改 netca.rsp

修改 dbca.rsp

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sed -i \
    -e '/^GDBNAME=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
    -e '/^SID=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
    -e '/^SYSPASSWORD=/s#=.*$#=111111#' \
    -e '/^SYSTEMPASSWORD=/s#=.*$#=111111#' \
    -e '/^CHARACTERSET=/s#=.*$#=ZHS16GBK#' \
    /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

安装 oracle 软件

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cd /home/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
#安装成功后，系统提示需要在 root 下执行两个脚本
/opt/oracle/invertory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/root.sh

配置监听

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netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/netca.rsp
#配置成功后，监听启动，查看监听状态
lsnrctl status

创建数据库

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dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
#查看屏幕输出的创建进度

启动数据库

登陆 sysdba，启动数据库

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 6月 25 14:46:58 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup

启动报错 LRM-00109

详细报错信息如下:

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ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file 'cd /opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora'

创建 initorcl.ora 文件

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cd /opt/oracle/app
cp admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.* product/11.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora

启动报错 ORA-00845